Engineering Questions with Answers - Multiple Choice Questions
Primary Production of Milk Engineering MCQs
1 - Question
What is intravenous injection?
a) It is administered in the muscle
b) It is administered under the skin
c) It is the administration of medication to a cow via the blood vessels
d) It requires the tented method
View Answer
Explanation: Some medications must be given by an intravenous (IV) injection or infusion. This means they’re sent directly into your vein using a needle or tube. With IV administration, a thin plastic tube called an IV catheter is inserted into your vein.
2 - Question
What is intra muscular injection?
a) It is administered in the muscle
b) It is administered under the skin
c) It is the administration of medication to a cow via the blood vessels
d) It requires the tented method
View Answer
Explanation: An intramuscular injection is a technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles. You may have received an intramuscular injection at a doctor’s office the last time you got a vaccine, like the flu shot.
3 - Question
What is subcutaneous injection?
a) It is administered in the muscle
b) It is administered under the skin
c) It is the administration of medication to a cow into the blood vessels
d) It requires the tented method
View Answer
Explanation: A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications such as insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine and goserelin.
4 - Question
Regarding feed formulation, what does CAD stand for?
a) Cation-Anion Degree
b) Cation-Anion Difference
c) Cation-Amonia Difference
d) Carbohydrate- Amino Degradation
View Answer
Explanation: Dietary cation-anion difference, or DCAD, is a measure you should be used in both dry and lactating cows. In close-up dry cows, a negative (-ve ) DCAD helps to prevent metabolic problems and in lactating cows, a positive DCAD can help increase milk production and milk components.
5 - Question
What is a cation?
a) A negatively charged ion
b) An uncharged ion
c) A positively charged electron
d) A positively charged ion
View Answer
Explanation: Cations and anions are both ions. The difference between a cation and an anion is the net electrical charge of the ion. Ions are atoms/ molecules those who have gained or lost one or more valence electrons giving the ion a net positive or negative charge. Cations are ions with a net positive charge.
6 - Question
What is an anion?
a) A positively charged ion
b) An uncharged ion
c) A positively charged electron
d) A negatively charged ion
View Answer
Explanation: Anions are atoms or radicals (groups of atoms), that have gained electrons. As they now have more of electrons than protons, anions have a negative charge.
7 - Question
What is NAFTA?
a) North American Forage Trade Association
b) North American Free Trade Agreement
c) North American Free Trade Association
d) North African Free Trade Association
View Answer
Explanation: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a piece of regulation implemented January 1, 1994, simultaneously in Mexico, Canada and the United States that eliminates most tariffs on trade between these nations.
8 - Question
What is USAHA?
a) U S Animal Housing Association
b) U S Animal Health Award
c) U S Agriculture Health Administrator
d) U S Animal Health Association
View Answer
Explanation: The United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), the nation’s animal health forum for over a century, is a science-based, non-profit, voluntary organization. USAHA works with state and federal governments, universities, veterinarians, livestock producers, national livestock and poultry organizations, research scientists, the extension service and several foreign countries to control livestock diseases in the United States.
9 - Question
What is the USDA’s AIPL?
a) Animal Improvement Program Library
b) Animal Import Program Liability
c) Animal Improvement Program Lab
d) Animal Import Process Language
View Answer
Explanation: In April 2014, the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory (AIPL) and the Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory (BFGL) were merged to form the Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory (AGIL). As part of the merger, the main AIPL research project on the discovery and development of improved methods for the genetic and genomic evaluation of economically important traits of dairy animals has renamed the Animal Improvement Program (AIP).
10 - Question
How many days into a pregnancy can a fetus be sexed by ultrasound?
a) Before 14 days
b) Between 14 and 30 days
c) Between 30 and 55 days
d) Between 55 and 95
View Answer
Explanation: At approximately day 60 of gestation, male and female genital tubercles can be visualized on a high-resolution ultrasound monitor. Male and female genital tubercles appear bilobed on the monitor; each lobe is in the shape of an oval, which aids in differentiation from surrounding structures.
11 - Question
What is another term for the lowest lateral regions of the abdomen, near the groin?
a) Gubernaculum
b) Rumen
c) Abomasum
d) Inguinal
View Answer
Explanation: In human anatomy, the inguinal region refers to either the groin or the lower lateral regions of the abdomen. It may also refer to as a conjoint tendon, previously known as the inguinal aponeurotic falx, a structure formed from the transversus abdominis insertion into the pecten pubis.
12 - Question
How many days after breeding can a pregnancy be detected by ultrasound?
a) Between 28 to 30 days
b) Before 14 days
c) Between 14 and 28 days
d) Between 30 and 55 days
View Answer
Explanation: After breeding pregnancy takes place. The pregnancy can be detected by ultrasound 28-30 days after the breeding.
13 - Question
At how many days can pregnancy be detected by palpation?
a) Before 14 days
b) Between 14 and 40 days
c) Between 40 to 50 days
d) Between 50 and 95 days
View Answer
Explanation: The main advantage of scanning is that it can give an accurate diagnosis earlier than rectal palpation. Pregnancy can be detected earlier with ultrasound compared with rectal palpation. 10 to 16% of cows diagnosed pregnant at 40-50 days.
14 - Question
What structural carbohydrate component makes older plants less digestible than younger plants?
a) Lignin
b) Cellulose
c) Fructrose
d) Sucrose
View Answer
Explanation: Lignin composition and p-coumaric acid in the wall are less likely to affect digestibility. Voluntary intake of forages is a critical determinant of animal performance and cell-wall concentration is negatively related to intake of ruminants consuming high-forage diets.
15 - Question
On average, how many weeks after freshening does a cow’s dry matter intake peak?
a) 1-2 weeks
b) 2-4 weeks
c) 12-14 weeks
d) 40-42 weeks
View Answer
Explanation: Cows freshen after a calf’s birth. Freshening occurs when milk production begins. She’s then a “wet” cow, as opposed to “dry,” non-milk-producing animal. Bout 12-14 weeks after freshening does a cow’s dry matter intake peak.
16 - Question
What is the accepted standard length for a lactation record for dairy cattle?
a) 200 days
b) 305 days
c) 365 days
d) 100 days
View Answer
Explanation: The standard period of 305 days has been chosen because this is approximately the normal lactation length of cows calving at intervals of 12 months. In tropical cattle, restricting the lactation records to 305 days would have less effect, as few cow’s milk for more than 305 days.
17 - Question
What can heart girth measurements of cows be used to estimate?
a) Age
b) Milk production
c) Calving date
d) Body weight
View Answer
Explanation: Circumference of a chest (heart girth) has been found to be the measurement most closely correlated with weight. The Dairy Cattle Research Branch2 of the U.S.D.A. reported a table of heart girth weight equivalents from which a measuring tape was prepared. This tape has been used extensively for more than 20 years in connection with D.H.I.A. work and for the estimation of body weight in dairy cattle generally.
18 - Question
In regards to pedigrees, what is an RHA?
a) Rolling Herd Average
b) Registered Herd Ancestry
c) Registered Holstein Ancestry
d) Registered Herd Average
View Answer
Explanation: RHA is Registered Holstein Ancestry. Each animal in the herd book has a calculated, recorded and reported percentage “Registered Holstein Ancestry” or “RHA.”
19 - Question
Milk should be below what temperature before it is transferred to a milk truck?
a) 60 degrees F
b) 20 degrees F
c) 30 degrees F
d) 40 degrees F
View Answer
Explanation: A certain temperature has to be met before the milk can be transferred to a milk truck. The milk should have at least attained the temperature of 40 degrees F before being transferred to a milk truck.
20 - Question
When referring to milk test used at the processing plant, what is a DMC?
a) Direct Microscopic Smear test
b) Direct Microscopic Somatic test
c) Direct Micro Susceptibility test
d) Direct Measurement Control
View Answer
Explanation: Direct Microscopic Clump Count (DMCC) for bacteria is not considered an official test for bacteria counts, it is used throughout the dairy industry to estimate bacteria colony forming units (i.e., “clumps”) in raw milk samples taken from the farm, the tank truck or the plant storage facility.
21 - Question
How much water can a lactating cow consume in one day?
a) 5 gallons
b) 15 gallons
c) 35 gallons
d) 25 gallons
View Answer
Explanation: A milking dairy cow drinks about 25 gallons of water each day. During periods of heat stress water intake may double.
22 - Question
What percent of milk is water?
a) 82 percent
b) 87 percent
c) 93 percent
d) 50 percent
View Answer
Explanation: Whole milk, as defined by the Milk Act, which regulates milk content, contains at least 3.25 percent milk fat. It also contains at least 8.25 percent protein, sugar (or carbohydrates) and vitamins and minerals. Otherwise, whole milk is made up of water-about 87 percent.
23 - Question
What units are used to measure energy?
a) Calories
b) Grams
c) Liters
d) Tons
View Answer
Explanation: Calories are units of energy. Various definitions exist but fall into two broad categories. Gram calorie is defined as the approximate amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius at a pressure of one atmosphere.
24 - Question
What ration ingredients contain the highest concentration of energy?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Fats
c) Sugars
d) Minerals
View Answer
Explanation: all the ration ingredients provide energy. However, in the above mentioned option fat provides the highest concentration of energy.
25 - Question
When evaluation dairy rations what do the letters NE stand for?
a) Net Equivalence
b) Not Essential
c) Not Edible
d) Net Energy
View Answer
Explanation: Energy results from the digestion of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Net Energy Lactation (NEl) is the feed energy available for maintenance and milk production after digestive and metabolic losses.
26 - Question
When evaluating a dairy ration, what do the letters TDN stand for?
a) Total Diet Needed
b) Tested Digestible Nutrients
c) Total Digestible Nutrients
d) The Dairy Network
View Answer
Explanation: Total digestible nutrients (TDN) are another method of expressing the energy content of feeds or the energy requirements of cattle. TDN is comparable to digestible energy. It has been in use longer than the net energy system and more values are available for feedstuffs.
27 - Question
What percent of dry matter in plants is made of carbohydrates?
a) 50 percent
b) 65 percent
c) 75 percent
d) 85 percent
View Answer
Explanation: The dry matter of plant and animal material would be its solids, i.e. all its constituents excluding water. The dry matter of food would include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Carbohydrates constitute about 75% of dry matter of plants.
28 - Question
Where are structural carbohydrates found in the plant?
a) In the cell wall
b) In the cell nucleus
c) In the cell organelles
d) In the cell membrane
View Answer
Explanation: Polysaccharides are the most abundant carbohydrates. A polysaccharide molecule can contain thousands of glucose units. These highly complex carbohydrates include starches, cellulose, and glycogen. Starch is the usual form in which carbohydrates are stored as energy by plants in the cell wall.
29 - Question
What are structural carbohydrates made of?
a) Cellulose, fructose, and saccharin
b) Lignin, sucrose, and cellulose
c) Cellulose, hemicellulose, lactose
d) Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin
View Answer
Explanation: Structural carbohydrates constitute of Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
30 - Question
What kinds of relationship do cattle and the microorganisms in their rumen share?
a) Electrostatic
b) Parasitic
c) A-Biotic
d) Symbiotic
View Answer
Explanation: The relationship between cows and their gut microorganisms is mutualistic. This relationship can also be called symbiotic.