Engineering Questions with Answers - Multiple Choice Questions
Computational Fluid Dynamics – Turbulent Viscosity
1 - Question
The value of turbulent viscosity is fairly close to that of __________
a) Turbulent diffusivity
b) Newton’s viscosity
c) Kinematic viscosity
d) Dynamic viscosity
View Answer
Explanation: Transport of momentum is due to viscosity and transport of heat or mass is due to diffusivity. In turbulent flows, both of these are due to the same mechanism which is eddy mixing. So, the value of turbulent viscosity is considered to be close to that of turbulent diffusivity.
2 - Question
Which of these scientists introduced turbulent viscosity?
a) Kolmogorov
b) Smagorinsky
c) Prandtl
d) Boussinesq
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Explanation: Boussinesq introduced the concept of eddy viscosity or turbulent viscosity in turbulent flows. Boussinesq equated the turbulent stresses to the mean flow. Here, the new constant of proportionality called the turbulent viscosity was introduced.
3 - Question
The kinematic turbulent viscosity is __________
a) equal to the product of turbulent length and time scales
b) equal to the product of turbulent length and velocity scales
c) proportional to the product of turbulent length and velocity scales
d) proportional to the product of turbulent length and time scales
View Answer
Explanation: By using dimensional analysis, the relationship between kinematic turbulent viscosity, turbulent length and time scales can be established using the dimensional analysis. It can be expressed as νt∝vl Where, νt → Kinematic turbulent viscosity. v → Turbulent velocity scale. l → Turbulent length scale.
4 - Question
The dynamic turbulent viscosity is ___________
a) equal to the product of turbulent length and time scales
b) proportional to the product of turbulent length and time scales
c) proportional to the product of kinematic turbulent viscosity and density of the fluid
d) equal to the product of kinematic turbulent viscosity and density of the fluid
View Answer
Explanation: Dynamic viscosity is the product of kinematic viscosity and density in general. This applies to the turbulent viscosities also. μt=ρνt Where, νt → Kinematic turbulent viscosity. μt → Dynamic turbulent viscosity. ρ → Density.
5 - Question
_________ relates turbulent viscosity and diffusivity.
a) Reynolds number
b) Reynolds analogy
c) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations
d) Favre-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations
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Explanation: Reynolds analogy relates the turbulent momentum and heat transfer. It states that “both of these (turbulent momentum and heat transfer) are due to the same mechanism called turbulent eddies and hence the values of turbulent viscosity and diffusivity will be close to each other”.
6 - Question
Which of these models solves a system for the turbulent kinematic viscosity?
a) DNS
b) LES
c) Spalart-Allmaras
d) RANS
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Explanation: Spalart- Allmaras is a model for solving turbulent flow especially invented for aerospace problems. It gives good results for turbulent boundary layer models. It solves the transport equation for turbulent kinematic viscosity.
7 - Question
The units of kinematic and dynamic turbulent viscosities are ___________ respectively.
a) m/s2 and kg m/s
b) m2/s2 and kg/m s
c) m3/s and kg m/s
d) m2/s and kg/m s
View Answer
Explanation: The units of turbulent viscosities are the same as the viscosities given by Newton’s law. The unit of kinematic turbulent viscosity is m2/s. The unit of dynamic viscosity is kg/m s.
8 - Question
Which of these is not a turbulent viscosity model?
a) k-ω
b) k-ε
c) DNS
d) SST
View Answer
Explanation: The models k-ε, k-ω and SST are all models which include turbulent viscosity. DNS stands for Direct Numerical Simulation which is the basic model to solve turbulent flows. It does not involve turbulent viscosities.
9 - Question
In the k-ε model, the turbulent viscosity is given as ___________
a) μt∝k/ε
b) μt∝k2/ε
c) μt=k/ε
d) μt=k2/ε
View Answer
Explanation: In the k-ε model, the turbulent dynamic viscosity is given in terms of k and ε. The relation is given as μt∝k2/ε.
10 - Question
Which of these models is made different from its parent model by turbulent viscosity?
a) Realizable k-ε model
b) k-ε model
c) Spalart-Allmaras model
d) SST model
View Answer
Explanation: The realizable k-ε model is a variant of the k-ε model. The realizable k-ε model is different from its parent that a new turbulent viscosity is formulated. Another variation is that a new transport equation for the dissipation rate is formed.