Engineering Questions with Answers - Multiple Choice Questions
Computational Fluid Dynamics – Large Eddy Simulation for Turbulent Models
1 - Question
LES is preferred when _____________
a) the flow is compressible
b) the flow has a high Reynolds number
c) the flow is turbulent
d) the flow has heat transfers
View Answer
Explanation: Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method is useful to capture the large turbulent eddies. It is not as accurate as the DNS method and not computationally demanding. As high Reynolds number will have large eddies, it is preferred when the flow has a high Reynolds number.
2 - Question
LES uses _____________
a) spatial filtering
b) time averaging
c) ensemble averaging
d) reynolds averaging
View Answer
Explanation: Les captures large eddies only. So, spatial filtering is used to separate the large and small eddies. A filtering function and the cut-off width above which the flow will be solved are selected before solving the flow.
3 - Question
What does SGS stress stand for?
a) Sub-grid-scale stress
b) Suitable-grid-scale stress
c) Suitable-grey-scale stress
d) Sub-grey-scale stress
View Answer
Explanation: During spatial filtering, the information about the small eddies will be lost. The interaction between large eddies and small eddies leads to this SGS stress. It stands for sub-grid-scale stress.
4 - Question
Which of these will not come under the types of filter functions used by the LES model?
a) Top-hat filter
b) Leonard filter
c) Gaussian filter
d) Spectral cut-off
View Answer
Explanation: The LES method uses a filter function to spatially filter and get the larger eddies of interest. The most common three-dimensional filters are Top-hat filter, Gaussian filter and Spectral cut-off filters.
5 - Question
What is the other name of the top-hat filter?
a) Cross filter
b) Cube filter
c) Box filter
d) Square filter
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Top-hat filter is otherwise called as the box filter. It is the simplest filter function given by
G(x⃗ ,x′→,Δ)=⎧⎩⎨⎪⎪1Δ30∣∣x⃗ ,x′→∣∣≤Δ2∣∣x⃗ ,x′→∣∣>Δ2⎫⎭⎬⎪⎪
Where,
x⃗ → Spatial vector
x′→ → Derivative of spatial vector
Δ → Cut-off width
6 - Question
Which of these represent the Gaussian filter function?
a) (γπΔ2)32exp(−γ∣∣x⃗ ,x′→∣∣)
b) (γπΔ2)32exp(−γ∣∣x⃗ ,x′→∣∣Δ)
c) (γΔ2)32exp(−γ∣∣x⃗ ,x′→∣∣2Δ2)
d) (γπΔ2)32exp(−γ∣∣x⃗ ,x′→∣∣2Δ2)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The filter function, in general, is a function of the spatial vector (x⃗ ), its derivative (x‘→) and the cut-off width (Δ). The Gaussian filter has an additional parameter (γ). The typical value of γ is 6. The function is given as
G(x⃗ ,x′→,Δ)=(γπΔ2)32exp(−γ∣∣x⃗ ,x′→∣∣2Δ2)
7 - Question
Which of these is the spectral cut-off filter function?
a) ∏3i=1sin[(xi−x‘i)/Δ](xi−x‘i)
b) ∏3i=1sin[(xi−x‘i)/Δ]
c) ∏3i=1sin[(xi−x‘i)](xi−x‘i)
d) ∏3i=1sin[(xi−x‘i)/Δ]
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The spectral cut-off filter is the product of sin[(xi−x‘i)](xi−x‘i) for all three directions of the x-vector. This gives a sharp cut-off in the energy spectrum at a wavelength of Δ/π.
8 - Question
Which of these filters is commonly used in FVM models?
a) Gaussian filter
b) Top-hat filter
c) Spectral cut-off filter
d) Gaussian and spectral cut-off filter
View Answer
Explanation: The top-hat or box filter is the one which is preferred for the finite volume methods in CFD packages. This is because of their simple elimination of small eddies. The Gaussian and spectral cut-off filter are used for research purposes.
9 - Question
In FVM methods, cut-off width depends on ____________
a) the PDE
b) the algebraic equation
c) the grid-size
d) the discretization method
View Answer
Explanation: When we use the finite volume method, it is pointless to use a cut-off width which is smaller than the grid size. If such cut-off width is chosen, the accuracy of the method in capturing the eddies will be affected.
10 - Question
The cut-off width dependent on the finite volume grid size is equal to _____________
a) the square of the grid cell volume
b) the cube of the grid cell volume
c) the square root of the grid cell volume
d) the cube root of the grid cell volume
View Answer
Explanation: If Δx, Δy and Δz are the grid sizes in the x, y and z-directions, the cut-off width should be the cube root of the cell volume (ΔxΔyΔz−−−−−−−−√3). This is because the cut-off width is in a single direction.