Engineering Questions with Answers - Multiple Choice Questions
Computational Fluid Dynamics – FVM – Unstructured Grids
1 - Question
The advantage of using unstructured grids is ___________
a) vectorization
b) flexibility
c) simple arrangement
d) less memory requirement
View Answer
Explanation: Flexibility is the greatest advantage of using unstructured grids. It offers more flexibility while meshing in terms of the element types that can be used and in terms of where the elements can be concreted.
2 - Question
Which of these statements is true for unstructured grids?
a) It is simple to model and use
b) Element connectivity is implicitly defined
c) Element connectivity does not depend upon indices
d) Bounding faces can be easily found
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Explanation: All the entities should be named separately in an unstructured grid. There is no way to directly link the various entities of an unstructured grid. Thus, local connectivity has to be defined explicitly.
3 - Question
What is the cost of flexibility in unstructured grids?
a) Consistency
b) Stability
c) Accuracy
d) Complexity
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Explanation: All these properties such as consistency, stability and accuracy depends upon the method used for discretization. They do not depend on whether the grid is structured or unstructured. The cost of increased flexibility in unstructured grids is its complexity.
4 - Question
Which of these entities need the information to be explicitly stored?
a) Elements, faces, nodes and neighbours
b) Elements, faces and nodes
c) Elements, faces and neighbours
d) Elements, nodes and neighbours
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Explanation: The data structure for an unstructured grid should contain information about the elements, faces, nodes and in addition to these about the neighbouring elements also. As they are not properly arranged, the neighbouring elements cannot be defined using indices.
5 - Question
The direction of the normal to a face in an unstructured mesh depends upon __________
a) Local indices
b) Global indices
c) Direction of flow
d) Direction of increasing indices
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Explanation: The direction of the normal to a face depends on the indices in both structured and unstructured grids. For structured grids, it depends on the direction of increasing indices. For unstructured grids, the direction depends on the global index number.
6 - Question
Which of these is correct for the direction of the normal vectors to faces?
a
c
d
View Answer
Explanation: The normal vectors to faces in an unstructured mesh depends upon the global indices. The vector always points in the direction of increasing global indices. For element 5, a normal vector connecting the elements 5 and 6 will point towards 6. All other vectors will point towards 5.
7 - Question
Which of these formulae is correct to find the gradient of the element ‘k’?
a) ∇Φk = 1Vk(Σn←fkΦnSn→)
b) ∇Φk = 1Vk(−Σn←fΦnSn→)
c) ∇Φk = 1Vk(Σn←fΦnSn→)
d) ∇Φk = 1Vk(−Σn←fkΦnSn→)
View Answer
Explanation: The formula for the gradient, in general, is the summation of the product of the flow variables and the area of the faces. As the direction matters here, the summation will be negative till ‘n’ reaches ‘k’. Therefore, ∇Φk = 1Vk(−Σn←fkΦnSn→).
8 - Question
The topology of the faces in an unstructured grid depends upon ___________
a) Straddling elements
b) Boundary elements
c) Interior elements
d) Neighbouring elements
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Explanation: The information about the straddling elements is what decides the topology of the faces in an unstructured grid. Here, the flux at every element is the same. They do not vary in the direction.
9 - Question
When compared to the algorithm to calculate the gradient of a structured grid, the algorithm for unstructured grids ___________
a) need more computational cost
b) need less computational cost
c) is more accurate
d) is less accurate
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Explanation: Accuracy wise, both the grids result in the same level of accuracy as they do not involve any approximation. But, the unstructured grid algorithm needs less computational cost as it is written in terms of the global indices. This can be adopted for structured grids also
10 - Question
Gradient for an unstructured grid is calculated by ___________
a) looping over the nodes in the computational domain
b) looping over the elements in the computational domain
c) looping over the faces in the computational domain
d) looping over the gradients in the computational domain
View Answer
Explanation: Computation of gradient for the overall domain is more efficient than calculating locally element by element. For this purpose, all the faces are looped over and the gradients are updated.