Engineering Questions with Answers - Multiple Choice Questions
Computational Fluid Dynamics – FVM for 1-D Steady State Diffusion
1 - Question
Which of these statements is true?
a) 1-D steady-state diffusion is the simplest of all transport equations
b) 1-D steady-state diffusion is the toughest of all transport equations
c) 1-D steady-state convection is the simplest of all transport equations
d) 1-D transient diffusion is the simplest of all transport equations
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The one-dimensional steady-state diffusion is the simplest preliminary problem in CFD. This cancels out most of the terms in the general transport equation. In heat flow problems it means conduction and in mass-flow problems, it means diffusion.
2 - Question
Which of these equations represent 1-D steady state diffusion?
a) div(Γ grad Φ)+S=0
b) ddx(Γdϕdx)+S=0
c) dϕdt+ddx(Γdϕdx)+S=0
d) dϕdt+div(Γgradϕ)+S=0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The term div(Γ grad Φ) represents diffusion in all three directions. One-dimensional diffusion is given by the equation ddx(Γdϕdx.dϕdt) is the transient term. So, this should not be present in the steady-state equation. Considering all these, the correct equation is
ddx(Γdϕdx+S)=0.
3 - Question
Which of these theorems is used to transform the general diffusion term into boundary based integral in the FVM?
a) Gauss divergence theorem
b) Stokes’ theorem
c) Kelvin-Stokes theorem
d) Curl theorem
View Answer
Explanation: The general diffusion term is div(Γ gradΦ). Integrating for the finite volume method, it becomes ∫CV div(Γ gradΦ)dV Applying the Gauss divergence theorem, ∫An⃗ .(Γ gradΦ)dA This is the boundary based integration as the boundaries will be areas.
4 - Question
Which of these gives the statement of one-dimensional steady-state diffusion problem?
a) The diffusive flux of Φ leaving the exit face is the same as the diffusive flux of Φ entering the inlet face
b) The diffusive flux of Φ leaving the exit face plus the diffusive flux of Φ entering the inlet face is equal to the generation of Φ
c) The diffusive flux of Φ leaving the exit face minus the diffusive flux of Φ entering the inlet face is equal to the generation of Φ
d) The diffusive flux of Φ leaving the exit face is the same in magnitude and opposite in direction as the diffusive flux of Φ entering the inlet face
View Answer
Explanation: The diffusive flux of Φ leaving the exit face minus the diffusive flux of Φ entering the inlet face is equal to the generation of Φ. It constitutes the balance equation over the control volume. This ensures conservation.
5 - Question
Consider the following stencil.
Discretize the diffusive term of the one-dimensional steady-state diffusion problem based on this stencil. (Note: Flow direction is from left to right).
a) (Γdϕdx)e−(Γdϕdx)w
b) (Γdϕdx)E−(Γdϕdx)W
c) (ΓAdϕdx)E−(Γdϕdx)W
d) (ΓAdϕdx)e−(Γdϕdx)w
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The diffusive term in one dimension is ddx(Γdϕdx). Applying integration over the control volume,
∫ΔVddx(Γdϕdx)dV=∫ew(ΓAdϕdx)dA=(ΓAdϕdx)e−(ΓAdϕdx)w.
6 - Question
Consider the following stencil.
Apply linear interpolation to the term Γe.
a) Γe+ΓE2
b) ΓW+ΓE2
c) ΓP+ΓW2
d) ΓP+ΓE2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The value of Γ at the face e can be obtained from the values of Γ at the nodes E and P by linear interpolation.
Γe=ΓP+ΓE2
Similarly,
Γw=ΓW+ΓP2.
7 - Question
Consider the following stencil.
Get the discretized form of (dϕdx)w using the central differencing scheme.
a) ϕP+ϕWδxWP
b) ϕP−ϕW2
c) ϕP−ϕWδxWP
d) ϕP+ϕW2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To get (dϕdx)i using central difference scheme,
dϕdxi=ϕi+1−ϕi−12Δx
Applying it to the stencil, i=w, i+1=P, i-1=W and 2Δx=δxWw+δxwP=δxWP. Therefore,
(dϕdx)w=ϕP−ϕWδxWP.
8 - Question
The general discretized equation is modified for ____________
a) the central control volume
b) the boundary control volumes
c) the non-boundary control volumes
d) the interior control volumes
View Answer
Explanation: There is special attention needed at the boundary nodes. For control volumes that are adjacent to the domain boundaries, the equation is modified so that the boundary values are incorporated into the equation without any problem.
9 - Question
Which of these equations govern the problem of source-free one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction?
a) ddx(kdTdx)
b) ddx(kdϕdx)
c) ddx(ΓdTdx)
d) ddx(Γdϕdx)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The general one-dimensional steady-state diffusion equation is:
ddx(Γdϕdx)+S=0
For heat conduction problem, the diffusion constant is the heat conductivity (Γ=k) and the flow variable is temperature (Φ=T). As the given problem is source free, S=0. Therefore, the equation becomes
ddx(kdTdx)=0.
10 - Question
Consider the general discretized equation aPΦP=aWΦW+aEΦE+S. Which of these will become zero for the left boundary node?
a) ΦE
b) aE
c) ΦW
d) aW
View Answer
Explanation: For the left boundary node, there is no western node present. It has only one neighbour on the eastern side. So, the western node coefficient aW is set to zero. ΦW is not zero as we do not know the flow variable at that point and cannot assume.